diff --git a/cmd/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt b/cmd/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt
index 7bca2427a..98b7016d7 100644
--- a/cmd/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cmd/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-add_definitions(-DEXPORT_GVPR)
-
 add_executable(gvpr-bin
   # Source files
   gvprmain.c
@@ -13,12 +11,9 @@ target_include_directories(gvpr-bin PRIVATE
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(gvpr-bin PRIVATE
-  ast
   cgraph
   gvc
   gvpr
-  expr
-  sfio
 )
 
 set_target_properties(gvpr-bin
diff --git a/lib/ast/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/ast/CMakeLists.txt
index a77af5574..000d71b77 100644
--- a/lib/ast/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/ast/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-add_library(ast STATIC
+add_library(ast OBJECT  # private in gvpr
   # Header files
   ast.h
   error.h
diff --git a/lib/cdt/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/cdt/CMakeLists.txt
index ed192dac8..7110f1a79 100644
--- a/lib/cdt/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/cdt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
 add_definitions(-DEXPORT_CDT)
+endif()
 
 add_library(cdt
   # Header files
diff --git a/lib/cgraph/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/cgraph/CMakeLists.txt
index 794b5c186..d05d87a22 100644
--- a/lib/cgraph/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/cgraph/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ FLEX_TARGET(Scan
 )
 ADD_FLEX_BISON_DEPENDENCY(Scan Grammar)
 
+if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
 add_definitions(-DEXPORT_CGRAPH -DEXPORT_CGHDR)
+endif()
 if(WIN32 AND NOT MINGW)
   add_definitions(-DYY_NO_UNISTD_H)
 endif()
diff --git a/lib/common/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/common/CMakeLists.txt
index be815ef72..0a6c703dc 100644
--- a/lib/common/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/common/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -122,20 +122,17 @@ if(APPLE)
   target_compile_options(common_obj PRIVATE "-fno-common")
 endif()
 
-add_library(common STATIC
-  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:common_obj>
-)
-
-target_link_libraries(common PRIVATE
+# legacy; target objects in gvc
+add_library(common INTERFACE)
+target_link_libraries(common INTERFACE
   cgraph
   pathplan
-  label
   xdot
   util
 )
 
 if(EXPAT_FOUND)
-  target_link_libraries(common PRIVATE
+  target_link_libraries(common INTERFACE
     ${EXPAT_LIBRARIES}
   )
 endif()
diff --git a/lib/dotgen/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/dotgen/CMakeLists.txt
index e7802eb46..931a18b1f 100644
--- a/lib/dotgen/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/dotgen/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -35,5 +35,6 @@ target_include_directories(dotgen PRIVATE
 
 target_link_libraries(dotgen PRIVATE
   cgraph
+  gvc # ortho, pack
   util
 )
diff --git a/lib/expr/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/expr/CMakeLists.txt
index 452ecc9c2..fbb1f99e5 100644
--- a/lib/expr/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/expr/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ BISON_TARGET(
   COMPILE_FLAGS "--yacc -Wno-yacc --defines --debug --verbose"
 )
 
-add_library(expr STATIC
+add_library(expr OBJECT  # private in gvpr
   # Header files
   exgram.h
   exlib.h
diff --git a/lib/gvc/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/gvc/CMakeLists.txt
index 8530818a8..45a669e6a 100644
--- a/lib/gvc/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/gvc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ if(WIN32 AND NOT MINGW)
   )
 endif()
 
-target_link_libraries(gvc PRIVATE
+target_sources(gvc PRIVATE
   $<TARGET_OBJECTS:common_obj>
+  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:label>
   $<TARGET_OBJECTS:pack_obj>
 )
 
@@ -62,7 +63,6 @@ target_link_libraries(gvc PRIVATE
   cdt
   cgraph
   common
-  pack
   util
 )
 
@@ -79,10 +79,7 @@ if(ZLIB_FOUND)
 endif()
 
 if(with_ortho)
-  target_link_libraries(gvc PRIVATE
-    $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ortho_obj>
-  )
-  target_link_libraries(gvc PRIVATE ortho)
+  target_sources(gvc PRIVATE $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ortho_obj>)
 endif()
 
 # Installation location of library files
diff --git a/lib/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt
index 35fccf805..eb3b50596 100644
--- a/lib/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/gvpr/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
 add_definitions(-DEXPORT_GVPR)
+endif()
 
 add_library(gvpr
   # Header files
@@ -45,13 +47,16 @@ if(WIN32 AND NOT MINGW)
   target_include_directories(gvpr PRIVATE ../../windows/include/unistd)
 endif()
 
-target_link_libraries(gvpr PRIVATE
+target_sources(gvpr PRIVATE
   $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ast>
+  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:expr>
+  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:sfio>
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(gvpr PRIVATE
   cgraph
   gvc
   util
-  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:expr>
-  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:sfio>
 )
 
 if(NOT HAVE_GETOPT_H)
diff --git a/lib/label/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/label/CMakeLists.txt
index a9f690150..aa33a6871 100644
--- a/lib/label/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/label/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 add_definitions(-DGVC_EXPORTS)
 
-add_library(label STATIC
+add_library(label OBJECT  # export with gvc
   # Header files
   index.h
   node.h
diff --git a/lib/ortho/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/ortho/CMakeLists.txt
index 7c2b83832..62f1bc5d7 100644
--- a/lib/ortho/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/ortho/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -35,10 +35,7 @@ target_include_directories(ortho_obj PRIVATE
 
 target_link_libraries(ortho_obj PRIVATE util)
 
-add_library(ortho STATIC
-  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:ortho_obj>
-)
-
-target_link_libraries(ortho PRIVATE util)
+add_library(ortho INTERFACE) # legacy
+target_link_libraries(ortho INTERFACE gvc) # target objects in gvc
 
 endif()
diff --git a/lib/pack/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/pack/CMakeLists.txt
index 585fefe9f..13e2eb99e 100644
--- a/lib/pack/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/pack/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -21,11 +21,9 @@ target_include_directories(pack_obj PRIVATE
 
 target_link_libraries(pack_obj PRIVATE util)
 
-add_library(pack STATIC
-  $<TARGET_OBJECTS:pack_obj>
-)
-
-target_link_libraries(pack PRIVATE util)
+# legacy; target objects in gvc
+add_library(pack INTERFACE)
+target_link_libraries(pack INTERFACE gvc)
 
 # Specify headers to be installed
 install(
diff --git a/lib/sfio/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/sfio/CMakeLists.txt
index d92a13201..237872715 100644
--- a/lib/sfio/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/sfio/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-add_library(sfio STATIC
+add_library(sfio OBJECT  # private in gvpr
   # Header files
   sfhdr.h
   sfio.h
diff --git a/lib/xdot/CMakeLists.txt b/lib/xdot/CMakeLists.txt
index 70a317d72..12788b3d8 100644
--- a/lib/xdot/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/lib/xdot/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
 add_definitions(-DEXPORT_XDOT)
+endif()
 
 add_library(xdot
   # Header files